Best bitcoin core review

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Bitcoin Core is often criticized for its complexity and limitations, but does its pioneer status outweigh its drawbacks?

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GitHub is home to over 40 million developers working together to host and review code, manage projects, and build software together. Contributing to Bitcoin Core, a personal account by John Newbery Yet the process and learning curve can seem intimidating and in practice very few new contributors do it. As a newcomer, this article represents my current understanding after a few months, a few dozen PR reviews, a few issues tested or handled, and a handful of commits. Yet much of it is unique to Bitcoin Core and came only with time. I would have preferred to know these things from the start. So here we are.

Bitcoin Core is often criticized for its complexity and limitations, but does its pioneer status outweigh its drawbacks?

GitHub is home to over 40 million besy working together to host and review code, manage projects, and build software. Contributing to Bitcoin Core, a personal account by John Newbery Yet the process and learning curve can seem intimidating and in practice very few new contributors do it.

As a newcomer, this article represents my current understanding after a few months, a few dozen PR reviews, a few issues tested or handled, and a handful of commits. Yet much of it is unique to Bitcoin Core and came only with time.

I would have preferred to know these things from the start. So here we are. This is foremost a self-study exercise, but perhaps it can be useful for. PR coee An acronym for pull requestsometimes called a merge request.

A proposed change to the code or documentation in the source code repository. WIP : An acronym for work in progress. As a newcomer, the goal is to try to add value, with friendliness and humility, while learning reviea much as possible. One of the most challenging aspects facing new contributors is the breadth of the codebase revirw the complexities of the technologies surrounding it.

The community has built up a deep collective wealth of knowledge and experience. Keep in mind that your new ideas may have already been proposed or considered several times in the past. Reveiw that contributor and maintainer resources are limited — ask for them carefully and respectfully. The goal is to try to give more than you take, to help more than hinder, while getting up to speed. Follow the bitcoin-core-dev IRC channel and the bitcoin-dev mailing list.

More IRC channels besst follow can be found bitcokn. The club was launched in May by John Newbery. You’ll benefit the most if you prepare for each meeting in advance by studying, building, and testing the PR under review — and then actually reviewing it!

Go through the notes, questions, and logs of the previous meetings; there is gold in. Many newcomers begin by filing pull requests that add to the hundreds already awaiting valuable review. In many cases, it may be better to begin by reviewing the existing pull requests and starting to understand what kind of pull requests and fore are most helpful, while slowly gaining the big picture.

Documentation is important, e. Test coverage is essential; don’t hesitate to improve or write any missing unit or functional tests. Be a contributor. Help PRs move forward reivew reviewing, proposing tests or fixes in a helpful way, proposing to rebase, or even offering to take over the PR after months of silence. In short, help each other! Long-term contributors report that activity like this repels them, and it can diminish your social capital on the project.

Try to understand what kind of review is needed and when to do. Give nits and style advice in a friendly, light, enabling way — as in, feel free to ignore, feel free to adjust if you happen to rebase. Keep in mind that no one is forced to take your review comments into account; it’s perfectly fine for the author to reply that they don’t want to do something if they feel it is outside the scope of the change, especially if your comment is nitpicky.

You can add more value and learn more by taking the time to do deep, quality review of the high-priority PRs and the more difficult PRs. Reviewing them well provides a true service to Bitcoin. The process of ramping up takes time; nothing can substitute for best bitcoin core review and years invested in gathering context and understanding from following the codeissuespull rviewbitcoin-core-dev IRC channel, and the bitcoin-dev mailing list.

Don’t trust, verify. Minimise dependance on GitHub in rdview review process. Use the GitHub website only for the GitHub metadata, e. Therefore, a review begins by pulling the PR branch down to your computer to build and review locally. There are several ways to do it:. You can test a PR either on the contributor’s branch or with the changes merged on top of master. Testing the latter can be useful to see if anything merged into master since the last PR commit breaks the changes.

Next, launch the build and tests while you begin reading the code locally. You’ll need to become comfortable with compiling Bitcoin Core from source and running the unit tests and functional tests since you will need to do it for most of the PRs you test.

For this, the Bitcoin Core productivity notes are indispensable. While the build and tests are running, begin reviewing each commit separately in your local environment using a difftool like gitkmeldmeld for macOSGNU ediffvimdiffor opendiff on macOS.

If you use gitk and like dark mode, I recommend Dracula for gitk. Become adept at searching the repository with git grep. You’ll use it constantly. Run git grep —help on the command line for help or information. Read and know the Bitcoin Core bfst notes. Read the code, read the PR comments, then re-read. Find something that doesn’t make sense and try to figure it. Maybe add some custom logging, LogPrintfs, or asserts; it’s always a privilege to add these into other people’s code to see how, run git grep -ni logprintf or git grep assert in the repository.

Run the relevant functional tests and look through the debug logs. Verify that they fail in the expected way on master. Back in the PR branch, inverse or change the new tests to make them break and understand why. Try refactoring the code to be better or prettier, and discover why that doesn’t work. Expect it to take twice as long as you planned it to. Yes, it’s work. While you’re reviewing, writing tests yourself can help you understand the behaviour and verify the changes, and if they add useful coverage you can propose them to the author for inclusion in the PR.

Proposing automated tests is a really helpful way to start contributing. Authors appreciate it when someone reviews their PR and provides additional tests. Here’s an example. Remember, the big picture is much more important than nits, spelling, or code style. Re-read the Nits section. Try to avoid commenting on these while reviewing, even if you have no other comments to make. I know, it’s hard — I’ve done it too many times — but there’s a better alternative:.

A good thing you can do as a reviewer without specialised knowledge of the code is ask questions. A PR author is usually happy to discuss their work or see interest in it.

So, spend 20 minutes or so looking at a change, find the thing that seems most confusing or surprising, and ask about it politely in the PR comments or on the bitcoin-core-dev IRC channel. Chances are other people wonder about the same thing and it could be clarified or documented better. In this way you can learn and help make the project more accessible. Credit for this paragraph: Russell Yanofsky. Be sure to learn and understand the Bitcoin Core peer review process.

The process is often updatedso refer back to it frequently. Concept ACK means the reviewer acknowledges and agrees with the goal of the change, but is not yet confirming they’ve looked at the code or tested it. This can be a valuable signal to a PR author to let them know that the PR has merit and is headed in the right direction.

Approach ACK is a step further than Concept ACK and means agreement with both the goal and the approach used revidw implementing the change. Approach NACK would therefore indicate agreement with the goal but not the approach. Manual testing of new features and reported issues is always welcome. A comment that is really erview in review: «Here’s what I tested and my methodology», particularly to back up an ACK. Some PRs can be difficult to test or ACK due to complexity, context, or possibly a lack of tests or simulation framework.

That shouldn’t discourage you from reviewing. For example, if you’ve reviewed the code thoroughly, a comment like «the code looks correct to me, but I don’t feel confident enough about behaviour to give an Bwst is a perfectly helpful contribution.

The trustless way to do this is to use the hash from your local checkout of the branch and not from the GitHub web page. That way, unless your local tools are compromised, you ensure you are ACKing the exact changes.

This is also useful when a force push happens and links cord old commits are lost on GitHub. Keep in mind that anything you write in an ACK comment that is copied by the merge script will be in git history forever. While that is beyond the scope of this document, it is surprisingly trivial to sign your commits using the OpenTimestamps Git Integration. Bitcoin Core reviewers frequently use the Apache voting system in their comments.

Here is an example. As a new contributor, be cautious with giving a NACK. Assume by default that you might lack understanding or context.

If you do NACK, provide good reasoning. Here’s one example. When you disagree, state your point of view once and move on.

Don’t flood the comments section, browbeat others or overreact.

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